Chapter 16 (Part 2) summary

The abolition of slavery
Enlightenment thinkers thought slavery as a violation to the rights a person has. To add to the argument, at the time it was found that slavery was not essential for economic progress. Movements were a very effective way to bring attention to your concern, which at the time was wanting slavery to end. Finally Britain cut off the sale of slaves in 1807 and by 1834, emancipated the rest of their slaves that were still captive. Soon after, other nations followed because of the growing international pressures to do so from Britain. Life after slave life wasn't all what it was cracked up to be, most slaves economic lives did not improve dramatically. With former slaves reluctant to work on plantations for low-wages, this caused a shortage of workers, in return brought a whole new wave of immigrants mainly from India and china. The former slaves were right not to work for the plantation owners because the conditions the new wave of immigrants worked in were slave like.
Nations to nationalism 
Nationalism was extremely important to civilizations and proved to be a powerful idea during the nineteenth century Europe. This caused some areas to unify and some areas to branch out from the rule they were under. It also caused a highly competitive drive for colonies in Asia and Africa. It also  caused nations to invest in themselves and their future by adding schools, public rituals, mass media, and military services. There were many different versions of nationalism, liberal democracy and representative governments used by France and the US emphasized "the people" to control. Germany defined the nation in racial terms, they excluded those who did not share common ancestry, such as Jews.
Feminist Beginnings
Feminism started widely in Europe and North America. European thinkers challenged ancient traditions like women inferiority. With a growing middle class, women found more opportunities in education and profession. What women saught most was access to schools, universities and professions. By 1914, there were a whopping two million member's of the National American Women Suffrage Association. By 1900, women were starting to get what they ask for, a small number of women got access to universities and literacy rates for women began to rise.