I found it fascinating the different lifestyles Julie and Francoise grew up in. Julie was raised in a lower class family in a small town in France while Francoise was born into a very wealthy family and didn't have to worry about money. In result of their economic status', Julie had to take up a very strenuous job in order to help keep her family stable financially, but Francoise didn't have to even think about working. Francoise's job was to go to school, learn household management skills, and marry a man and manage the house. In the society Julie grew up in, only parents that were able to pay for schooling and felt that their child needed schooling would receive it, unlike François, where everyone was expected to attend school. Once Francoise was ready to become a part of the French society as a lady, Julie was working to help keep her family afloat, something Francoise would never have to worry about. When Julie and Francoise were in their 20's and 30's, Julie was just finding out she had multiple sclerosis and was going to be bedridden for the rest of her life. Francoise on the other hand was the last sibling living in her big luxurious house with her parents, until she moved back to Gezaincourt to take care of her grandmother. Even though they both had two very different paths of life, they ended up doing what made them feel most for filled and that was taking care of people who did not have the same luxuries as them.
Tuesday, January 30, 2018
Tuesday, January 23, 2018
Chapter 14 Part 2
Commerce in people: The Atlantic Slave trade
Between 1500 and 1866 the Atlantic slave trade took about 12.5 million people from African societies. The slave trade benefitted and enriched European and Euro-American societies while destroying the slaves lives.
The Slave Trade in Context
The slave trade was closely tied to both warfare and capture. Before 1500 Mediterranean and Indian ocean was the main slave trade, with most slaves being imported from southern Russia. Many regions had different needs for male, female, and different age groups. Slavery in America however, was different then anywhere else. In America we mostly had plantations for the slaves to work on, but the conditions were so terrible many described it as dehumanizing to these slaves. When slaves were cut off by the Ottoman Turks, the Portuguese turned to western Africa for their slaves. Africa soon became the go to for slaves working in plantations. They were sought after because of their skill with farming, immunity to diseases, not Christians, and they were "close".
The slave trade in practice
Europeans would not intrude on some African societies because of the African societies ability to protect themselves as well as the harmful diseases that were most dangerous to the Euros then it was to the African society. Instead, they waited for the slaves to be brought to them, they waited on their own ships or their settlements to be safe from the disease. In exchange for slaves, African sellers sought Euro and Indian textiles, such as cowrie shells and firearms/gunpowder. Slaves would be treated so poorly that many would rather jump off the boat and drown themselves before the boats could come rescue them. Africans did not sell their own people into slavery, they sold prisoners of war, criminals, and debtors. They captured and sold outsiders for short term economic and political gain.
Consequences: the impact of slave trade in Africa
Slave trade had a huge impact on African population. In the 1600, Africans population was at 18%, by the 1900, Africans population took a drastic fall to only 6%. Slave trade had terrible consequences socially and economically on Africa. Lemba Officials were brought together to try to counter the disruptive impact. Because mostly men were sent to be slaves, more men were able to marry multiple women. A small number of women were able to accumulate wealth and power from the fur trade, hiring their own slaves.
Economic globalization: Then and Now
The three centuries before us have similarities. Some of these similarities were global circulation of goods, an international currency, production for world market, and private enterprises. The main differences are the scale and speed of the market, by 2000 there was substantially more goods in circulation.
Wednesday, January 17, 2018
Chapter 14 part one
European and Asian Commerce
The initial cause for the Portuguese going out on their big voyage was because of their desire for cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, clover, and especially pepper. During the 15th century Europe began to grow, some of the biggest cities being started in England, Netherlands, and northern Italy. Europeans were very persistent with obtaining goods. When it came to trading in the Asian market, Europeans goods were seen as crude and unattractive. When Portuguese arrived to Asia and saw how weak their merchant ships were and they quickly used their superior naval warfare to assert bases all over. Even though Asia was weak by military standards they were much richer in economic standards. Once Portuguese realized their goods were not trading they started becoming heavily involved in transferring of Asian goods to Asian ports.
Spain and Philippines
The Spanish established themselves on the Philippines islands in order to catch up with the race for the riches. These islands had an abundant amount of spices. They soon took over the island using their military and took over completely by 1565.
East Indie Companies
The Dutch and British both established their own trading post empires much better then the Portuguese. The Dutch forcibly over threw two islands that produces spices, killing most of people that inhabited the islands and sold the spices they obtained from those islands for more then fourteen times the price they bought it for in Indonesia. The British were mostly left out of the spice trade because of the monopoly the Dutch had on it. The British also were not able to "trade by warfare" like the Portuguese, instead they worked together with the Mughal empire.
Asians and Asian Commerce
Euro's were not seen as a economic threat or a militant threat to the great powers (Mughal India, China, and Japan). Once Shogun became the power of Japan he expelled all Europeans and saw them and their new ways as a threat.
Silver and Global Commerce
Even bigger then the spice trade was the silver trade. The Chinese authorities created taxes, which a majority of the population had to pay in silver. This began the huge demand for silver. Even though Spain was rich in silver the way they used it was poor. And when silver prices came barreling down, Spain lost its early position of dominance. Japan, much like Spain was rich in silver, but unlike Spain they used silver to boost their economy, which ultimately brought them to a highly commercialized economy by the nineteenth century.
The World Hunt: Fur in Global Commerce
People in Europe wanted fur just as bad as the most popular products like silver, textiles, and spices.
One cause for this was the Ice-Age, with it being colder the demand for warmth grew. With fur being used in Europe it rose the standard of living and helped build many communities by trading fur for goods they could use.
The initial cause for the Portuguese going out on their big voyage was because of their desire for cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, clover, and especially pepper. During the 15th century Europe began to grow, some of the biggest cities being started in England, Netherlands, and northern Italy. Europeans were very persistent with obtaining goods. When it came to trading in the Asian market, Europeans goods were seen as crude and unattractive. When Portuguese arrived to Asia and saw how weak their merchant ships were and they quickly used their superior naval warfare to assert bases all over. Even though Asia was weak by military standards they were much richer in economic standards. Once Portuguese realized their goods were not trading they started becoming heavily involved in transferring of Asian goods to Asian ports.
Spain and Philippines
The Spanish established themselves on the Philippines islands in order to catch up with the race for the riches. These islands had an abundant amount of spices. They soon took over the island using their military and took over completely by 1565.
East Indie Companies
The Dutch and British both established their own trading post empires much better then the Portuguese. The Dutch forcibly over threw two islands that produces spices, killing most of people that inhabited the islands and sold the spices they obtained from those islands for more then fourteen times the price they bought it for in Indonesia. The British were mostly left out of the spice trade because of the monopoly the Dutch had on it. The British also were not able to "trade by warfare" like the Portuguese, instead they worked together with the Mughal empire.
Asians and Asian Commerce
Euro's were not seen as a economic threat or a militant threat to the great powers (Mughal India, China, and Japan). Once Shogun became the power of Japan he expelled all Europeans and saw them and their new ways as a threat.
Silver and Global Commerce
Even bigger then the spice trade was the silver trade. The Chinese authorities created taxes, which a majority of the population had to pay in silver. This began the huge demand for silver. Even though Spain was rich in silver the way they used it was poor. And when silver prices came barreling down, Spain lost its early position of dominance. Japan, much like Spain was rich in silver, but unlike Spain they used silver to boost their economy, which ultimately brought them to a highly commercialized economy by the nineteenth century.
The World Hunt: Fur in Global Commerce
People in Europe wanted fur just as bad as the most popular products like silver, textiles, and spices.
One cause for this was the Ice-Age, with it being colder the demand for warmth grew. With fur being used in Europe it rose the standard of living and helped build many communities by trading fur for goods they could use.
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)